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Generally speaking, the older the house the more difficult it will be to reduce the radon levels. This is because the first step in stopping the radon gas from entering the house will be to prevent as much air as possible from coming from the ground into the basement and older houses have leaky foundations. In some cases parts of the basement may not now be accessible. Newer houses have poured cement foundations of a standard thickness and already stop most of the radon from entering. Foundations on multiple levels and houses with additions to the basement are also more complicated to fix.
An unsealed crawl space and a basement with no floor.
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An active sub slab de-pressurization "SSD" radon system works by drawing air out from beneath the basement floor so that the air pressure in the basement is greater than the air pressure below the house and the radon gas cannot push into the house against the greater pressure. This system works extremely well as long as most of the foundation leaks are sealed and as long as air can travel through the ground (sand or gravel) to the system suction points. If the foundation is too leaky or the ground is too tight (dirt or clay) a different system has to be used. The SSD method costs little to run (usually 50-90 watts), does not take warm house air away, and is quiet. The SSD system must be vented above the edge of the roof where it is installed and meet other EPA guidelines as well. These systems must be installed by a radon mitigation professional.
The system installed from the basement to the fan located outside with vent to roof.
The system installed from the basement through closets to an exhaust fan vented out the attic.
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If the SSD method cannot be used, or if it didn't reduce the radon enough, a different type of system may be added. The heat recovery ventilator "HRV" (also known as an air to air heat exchanger) takes the stale radon bearing basement air and sends it outdoors while bringing in clean outside air from above ground to dilute the radon levels to an acceptable amount. The ventilator recovers part, but not more than half, of the heat that would be lost if you were using fans alone. The HRV also can filter out dust and pollen and does remove some humidity. The unit uses a fair amount of electricity (usually 250-350 watts) and sounds like a window air conditioner when running. The vents from the HRV can exit the house at ground level and do not have to reach the roof.
Typical HRV units with 6" ductwork to outside vents.
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There are also other methods that may also be used to reduce the radon levels in a home that have drawbacks that make them less desirable in this part of the country. Some systems installed by non professionals can actually create hazards in other parts of the house even while fixing the basement radon problem. Be sure to hire a professional.
